MLA Handbook by The Modern Language Association, the authority on research and writing, takes a fresh look at documenting sources in the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook. Works are published today in a dizzying range of formats. A book, for example, may be read in print, online, or as an e-book--or perhaps listened to in an audio version. On the Web, modes of publication are regularly invented, combined, and modified. Previous editions of the MLA Handbook provided separate instructions for each format, and additional instructions were required for new formats. In this groundbreaking new edition of its best-selling handbook, the MLA recommends instead one universal set of guidelines, which writers can apply to any type of source. Shorter and redesigned for easy use, the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook guides writers through the principles behind evaluating sources for their research. It then shows them how to cite sources in their writing and create useful entries for the works-cited list. More than just a new edition, this is a new MLA style.
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association by Use the links below to see examples of source citations chosen by WCC's librarians and WCC's Writing Center instructors. If these examples don't help you, remember to verify the accuracy of your citations by using the official style manuals.
The Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) offers a APA Formatting and Style Guide.
Use Purdue OWL for help with:
Start a new page..
The title of the page (References) should be centered and not underlined.
The page should be double-spaced; bring each new reference to the margin and indent the remainder of the reference.
Only use last names and first initials, not full first names.
Only references cited in your paper appear in the References. Likewise, anything cited in your paper must appear in the References.
If you did not actually read an article but read about it (secondary sources), you must cite the article of interest and the source you read utilized within the text of your paper.
Journal Article Electronic Format from a Research Database
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy
Note: if no DOI number, then use the URL. APA does not require you to list the database name.
Jafari, N., Jafari, N., Vosoughia, S., Utaberta, N., Yunos, M. Y. M., Ismail, N. A., & Ariffin, N. F. M. (2015). Influence of residents' preference of urban agriculture at rooftop garden on awareness about rooftop garden. Advances in Environmental Biology, 9(24), 71+. Retrieved from https://www.scimagojr.com/index.php
Three (3) or twenty (20) authors
List by last names and initials; commas separate author names, while the last author name is preceded again by ampersand.
Jafari, N., Jafari, N., Vosoughia, S., Utaberta, N., Yunos, M. Y. M., Ismail, N. A., & Ariffin, N. F. M. (2015). Influence of residents' preference of urban agriculture at rooftop garden on awareness about rooftop garden. Advances in Environmental Biology, 9(24), 71+. Retrieved from https://www.scimagojr.com/index.php
[note: the second and third line of a citation should have a hanging indent of .5]
Website
A webpage or online content
Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL
Johnson, B. (2020, June 11). Racial & Food Justice — A Resource. The Cornell Daily Sun. https://cornellsun.com/2020/06/11/racial-food-justice-a-resource/
[note: the second and third line of a citation should have a hanging indent of .5]
Group or organization
Group name. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL
Environmental Protection Agency (2016, June 27). Using green roofs to reduce heat islands. https://www.epa.gov/heat-islands/using-green-roofs-reduce-heat-islands
Book
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher Name.
Novak, A. (2016). The rooftop growing guide: how to transform your roof into a vegetable garden or farm. Ten Speed Press.
Research Toolkit - How to Cite Sources with APA
APA Escape Room