MLA Handbook by
Relied on by generations of writers, the MLA Handbookis published by the Modern Language Association and is the only official, authorized book on MLA style. The new, ninth edition builds on the MLA's unique approach to documenting sources using a template of core elements--facts, common to most sources, like author, title, and publication date--that allows writers to cite any type of work, from books, e-books, and journal articles in databases to song lyrics, online images, social media posts, dissertations, and more. With this focus on source evaluation as the cornerstone of citation, MLA style promotes the skills of information and digital literacy so crucial today. The many new and updated chapters make this edition the comprehensive, go-to resource for writers of research papers, and anyone citing sources, from business writers, technical writers, and freelance writers and editors to student writers and the teachers and librarians working with them. Intended for a variety of classroom contexts--middle school, high school, and college courses in composition, communication, literature, language arts, film, media studies, digital humanities, and related fields--the ninth edition of the MLA Handbookoffers *New chapters on grammar, punctuation, capitalization, spelling, numbers, italics, abbreviations, and principles of inclusive language *Guidelines on setting up research papers in MLA format with updated advice on headings, lists, and title pages for group project *Revised, comprehensive, step-by-step instructions for creating a list of works cited in MLA format that are easier to learn and use than ever before *A new appendix with hundreds of example works-cited-list entries by publication format, including websites, YouTubevideos, interviews, and more *Detailed examples of how to find publication information for a variety of sources *Newly revised explanations of in-text citations, including comprehensive advice on how to cite multiple authors of a single work *Detailed guidance on footnotes and endnotes *Instructions on quoting, paraphrasing, summarizing, and avoiding plagiarism *A sample essay in MLA format *Annotated bibliography examples *Numbered sections throughout for quick navigation *Advanced tips for professional writers and scholars
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association by Use the links below to see examples of source citations chosen by WCC's librarians and WCC's Writing Center instructors. If these examples don't help you, remember to verify the accuracy of your citations by using the official style manuals.
The Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) offers a APA Formatting and Style Guide.
Use Purdue OWL for help with:
Start a new page..
The title of the page (References) should be centered and not underlined.
The page should be double-spaced; bring each new reference to the margin and indent the remainder of the reference.
Only use last names and first initials, not full first names.
Only references cited in your paper appear in the References. Likewise, anything cited in your paper must appear in the References.
If you did not actually read an article but read about it (secondary sources), you must cite the article of interest and the source you read utilized within the text of your paper.
Journal Article Electronic Format from a Research Database
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy
Note: if no DOI number, then use the URL. APA does not require you to list the database name.
Jafari, N., Jafari, N., Vosoughia, S., Utaberta, N., Yunos, M. Y. M., Ismail, N. A., & Ariffin, N. F. M. (2015). Influence of residents' preference of urban agriculture at rooftop garden on awareness about rooftop garden. Advances in Environmental Biology, 9(24), 71+. Retrieved from https://www.scimagojr.com/index.php
Three (3) or twenty (20) authors
List by last names and initials; commas separate author names, while the last author name is preceded again by ampersand.
Jafari, N., Jafari, N., Vosoughia, S., Utaberta, N., Yunos, M. Y. M., Ismail, N. A., & Ariffin, N. F. M. (2015). Influence of residents' preference of urban agriculture at rooftop garden on awareness about rooftop garden. Advances in Environmental Biology, 9(24), 71+. Retrieved from https://www.scimagojr.com/index.php
[note: the second and third line of a citation should have a hanging indent of .5]
Website
A webpage or online content
Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL
Johnson, B. (2020, June 11). Racial & Food Justice — A Resource. The Cornell Daily Sun. https://cornellsun.com/2020/06/11/racial-food-justice-a-resource/
[note: the second and third line of a citation should have a hanging indent of .5]
Group or organization
Group name. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL
Environmental Protection Agency (2016, June 27). Using green roofs to reduce heat islands. https://www.epa.gov/heat-islands/using-green-roofs-reduce-heat-islands
Book
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher Name.
Novak, A. (2016). The rooftop growing guide: how to transform your roof into a vegetable garden or farm. Ten Speed Press.
Research Toolkit - How to Cite Sources with APA
APA Escape Room